The mummified head of the child of Celano

The mummified head of the child of Celano

Authors

  • Jacopo Cilli Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
  • Arianna Di Felice Department of Humanities, Art and Social Sciences, University “G. D’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, Italy https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4044-2892
  • Ruggero D'Anastasio Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University “G. D’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.

Keywords:

paleopathology, anthropology

Abstract

In the 1980s, the mummified head of an infant was discovered in Celano, a town in central Italy, in the Abruzzo region. To establish its archaeological, rather than judicial, nature, multiple macroscopic, microscopic, and radiographic analyses were performed on the specimen. The results revealed intriguing data. The head, in an exceptional state of preservation, likely belonged to a male child approximately one year old. Furthermore, it exhibits clear paleopathological lesions compatible with probable blunt trauma. The artifact is housed at the University Museum of Chieti in a glass display case that adheres to ethical and scientific standards for such exhibitions. The findings from this preliminary study provide a basis for future, more detailed investigations.

References

1. cultura.regione.abruzzo.it, Chiesa di San Giovanni Battista, portale Regione Abruzzo

2. Dexeus A. The bones of our ancestors. The end of burials in churches in the late 18th century. Contribution to Science 2015; 11(1):85–94.

3. Angelucci S. La catalogazione giudiziaria del patrimonio Culturale. Manuale di schedatura dei beni culturali in ambito giudiziario. Centro per gli Studi Criminologici, Giuridici e Sociologici: Viterbo; 2019.

4. Acconcia V. I resti antropologici nelle previsioni del Codice dei Beni Culturali e del Paesaggio. In: MiC 2022. I resti scheletrici umani: dallo scavo, al laboratorio, al museo. Ministero della Cultura. Online publication 28 giugno 2022. p. 115–7.

5. Ramsthaler F, Ebach SC, Birngruber CG, Verhoff MA. Postmortem interval of skeletal remains through the detection of intraosseal hemin traces. A comparison of UV-fluorescence, luminol, Hexagon-OBTI®, and Combur® tests. Forensic Sci Int 2011; 209(1-3):59–63.

6. AlQahtani SJ, Hector MP, Liversidge HM. Brief communication: The London atlas of human tooth development and eruption. Am J Phys Anthropol 2010; 142(3):481–90.

7. Moorrees CF, Fanning EA, Hunt EE Jr. Age variation of formation stages for ten permanent teeth. J dent res 1963; 42:1490–1502.

8. Harth S, Obert M, Ramsthaler F, Reuss C, Traupe H, Verhoff MA. Estimating age by assessing the ossification degree of cranial sutures with the aid of Flat-Panel-CT. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2009; 11 Suppl 1:S186–9.

9. Likus W, Bajor G, Gruszczyńska K, Baron J, Markowski J, Machnikowska-Sokołowska M, Milka D, Lepich T. Cephalic index in the first three years of life: study of children with normal brain development based on computed tomography. ScientificWorldJournal, 2014; 2014:502836.

10. https://www.who.int/tools/child-growth-standards/standards/head-circumference-for-age

11. Scheuer L, Black SM, Liversage H, Christie A. (2004). The juvenile skeleton. Cambridge: Academic Press; 2004

12. Follet H, Boivin G, Rumelhart C, Meunier PJ. The degree of mineralization is a determinant of bone strength: a study on human calcanei. Bone 2004; 34(5):783–9.

13. Lipsett BJ, Reddy V, Steanson K. Anatomy, Head and Neck: Fontanelles. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024.

14. Schutkowski H. Sex determination of infant and juvenile skeletons: I. Morphognostic features. Am J Phys Anthropol 1993; 90(2):199–205.

15. Almulhim AM, Menezes RG. Evaluation of Postmortem Changes. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024.

16. D'Anastasio R, Monza F, Cilli J, Capasso L. Generalized dermatitis in the natural mummy of the Roman Catholic nun Marie-Léonie Martin (France, 1863-1941). Int J Paleopathol 2022; 39:64–9.

17. ICOM, Codice Etico, 2006, Art. 2.5; 3.7; 4.3

18. D’Anastasio R, Cilli J, Viciano J, Tragnone G, Capasso L, Monza F. Le mummie del Museo Universitario di Chieti: tra comunicazione, musealizzazione e rispetto. Proceedings of the XXIX Congress ANMS. L’accessibilità nei musei. Limiti, risorse e strategie; 2019 october 23-25, Chieti, IT. Chieti, èDICOLA EDITRICE; 2020.

19. D'Anastasio R, Di Fabrizio A, Paolucci A, Del Cimmuto M, Cilli J, Capasso L. The paleopathological collection of the “G. D’Annunzio” University Museum (Chieti-Pescara, Italy). Med Histor 2023; 7(2):e2023032.

Downloads

Published

30-09-2025

Issue

Section

Original articles: Paleopathology

How to Cite

1.
Cilli J, Di Felice A, D'Anastasio R. The mummified head of the child of Celano. Med Histor [Internet]. 2025 Sep. 30 [cited 2025 Oct. 14];9(1-2):16582. Available from: https://mail.mattioli1885journals.com/index.php/MedHistor/article/view/16582

Most read articles by the same author(s)