The profile of BMI, visceral fat, and blood pressure between stunting and non-stunting in school-age children

Nur Aisiyah Widjaja; Yoga Devaera; Bernie Endyarni Medise; Madarina Julia; Mei Neni Sitaresmi; Asmarinah; Royke Tony Kalalo; Frida Soesanti; Dewi Friska; Febrina Mustika Santoso; Eva  Ardianah; Wilda Fauzia  Ulfa

doi:10.23750/abm.v96i4.16654

The profile of BMI, visceral fat, and blood pressure between stunting and non-stunting in school-age children

Authors

Nur Aisiyah Widjaja Airlangga University, Child Health Department, Surabaya/Child Health Department, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
Yoga Devaera Child Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5427-9823
Bernie Endyarni Medise https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7494-7238
Madarina Julia Child Health Department Department, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8847-2050
Mei Neni Sitaresmi Child Health Department Department, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8620-712X
Asmarinah Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5204-4054
Royke Tony Kalalo Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9864-145X
Frida Soesanti Child Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4319-5528
Dewi Friska Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia https://orcid-org/0000-0002-5994-7528
Febrina Mustika Santoso Child Health Department, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia / Child Health Department, Faculty of Medicine UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA, Surabaya, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9022-3149
Eva Ardianah Departement of Health Promotion, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9022-3149
Wilda Fauzia Ulfa Child Health Department Department, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Keywords:

Stunting, body mass index, obesity, visceral fat, blood pressure

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Stunting is a prevalent type of malnutrition that frequently affects in school-age children. The prevalence of stunting among school-age children in Indonesia was 30.7% among children aged 5–12 and 35.1% among children aged 13–15. Early stunting is considered as a contributing factor for the development of overweight and adiposity in later stages of life. Rapid growth also provides adverse consequences for stunting children in long-term health, such as a higher risk of developing hypertension. This study is performed to determine the profile of BMI, visceral fat and blood pressure between stunting and non-stunting in school-age children.

Methods: A case control study involving 191 children aged 8 years for the female and 9 years for the male. The subjects divided into two group according to HAZ status: stunting (HAZ score <–1.64) and non-stunting (HAZ score > 1.64).

Results: Study groups consisted of stunting (98 subjects) and non-stunting group (93 subjects). Stunting children had significant higher BMI, BMI-for-age-z-score, waist circumference, visceral fat and total body fat, also less upper arm circumference, muscle mass, muscle quality, basal metabolic rate and bone mass compared to non-stunting children. Boys in non-stunting group showed significant higher body weight, body height and muscle mass. Stunting girls showed highest BMI and visceral fat. There was a significant association between HAZ score with BMI and visceral fat, but no association with blood pressure.

Conclusion: Stunting children was correlated with higher profile of BMI and visceral fat but had no difference or correlation with both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Overweight and obesity was more frequent in stunting girls.

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